Dialects

The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases. The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notes for the various DBAPIs.

All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.

Included Dialects

• PostgreSQL
• MySQL
• SQLite
• Oracle
• Microsoft SQL Server

Included, but not currently supported dialects

The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are not part of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed. These dialects may be removed in future major releases.

• Firebird
• Sybase

External Dialects

Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include:

Database	Dialect
Amazon Redshift (via psycopg2)	sqlalchemy-redshift
Apache Drill	sqlalchemy-drill
Apache Druid	pydruid
Apache Hive and Presto	PyHive
Apache Solr	sqlalchemy-solr
CockroachDB	sqlalchemy-cockroachdb
CrateDB	crate-python
EXASolution	sqlalchemy_exasol
Elasticsearch (readonly)	elasticsearch-dbapi
Firebird	sqlalchemy-firebird
Google BigQuery	pybigquery
Google Sheets	gsheets
IBM DB2 and Informix	ibm-db-sa
IBM Netezza Performance Server	nzalchemy
Microsoft Access (via pyodbc)	sqlalchemy-access
Microsoft SQL Server (via python-tds)	sqlalchemy-tds
Microsoft SQL Server (via turbodbc)	sqlalchemy-turbodbc
MonetDB	sqlalchemy-monetdb
SAP Hana	sqlalchemy-hana
SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere	sqlalchemy-sqlany
Snowflake	snowflake-sqlalchemy
Teradata Vantage	teradatasqlalchemy